Impact of accounting and prudential regulation on pensions

"A long-term view involves short-term risk, whereas a short-sighted strategy involves increased risk over the long term."

EDHEC just released its impressive report Impact of Regulation on the ALM of European Pension Funds. Even though we disagree in some instances, we think this is mandatory reading for anyone in the pensions investment space because it highlights those areas of regulation which will be of increasing consequence for pension funds' investment strategies in the near future, as we have continued to stress over the recent past.

At the core of the report is the development of an asset allocation model in the presence of liability constraints. The solution involves the components cash, risky assets and the liability hedging portfolio. The state of the art model takes inflation and longevity risk management into account as well.

There is not enough space nor time for an in-depth review of this valuable piece. Nevertheless, I would like to mention two issues that have slightly moderated my enthusiasm for the report:

• There seem to be a few at least implicit factual inaccuracies in the parts describing the regulatory environment. The most glaring of which may be the assumption that the EU pensions directive is applicable in Switzerland - it is not.
• Accounting standards seem to be understood to effectively determine investment action. While it is not unheard of that managements structure transactions in such ways as to optimise their reporting, this clearly goes one step too far. We are well aware of the interdependence between perception (qua accounting standards) and (economic) reality, but at least in an academic report, the latter needs to retain some vestige of predominance over the former. Remember: pension funds' long-term time horizon, as accounting standards can and do change.

Mitigating cost of ageing

McKinsey has an interesting Chart Focus displaying the mitigating effect of direct & indirect policy measures on the opportunity cost to growth of ageing societies. By far the largest effect could be had in Germany by raising the average rates of return on savings, which would not appear to be outlandish, given the notoriously conservative nature in which German savings tend to be invested. Immigration and higher fertility pale in comparison.

2007 asset allocation survey

Mercer IC published its periodic asset allocation survey of European pension funds. Of the 651 funds surveyed, 75% still reside in the UK, thus the survey's cross country comparison may not be entirely reliable (via VF).

Cognitive dissonance in Germany

The cognitive dissonance refers to the results of the Fidelity REAL Index, a survey and comparison between effective and estimated retirement provisions in Germany. Whereas the Germans surveyed expect to achieve 70% of their final gross household income upon retirement, they will effectively only make 56%, which reveals a substantive gap between reality and expectations. Other interesting conclusions are available in the Executive Summary in English and the full brochure in German (both made available here with Fidelity's permission).

Similar surveys are currently being conducted in the UK and France. Watch this space.

On small steps

While it's difficult to generically denounce Germany's recent decision to raise the retirement age from 65 to 67, the chorus of criticisms about the hesitant way with which this is implemented gains traction. Deutsche Bank Research has a short comment which nicely demonstrates the negative results of an inconsistent implementation.